Phoenicians are skillful sailors and traders who brought us the alphabet. They used to live in the desert, in what is called now Jordan. But, in the course of time, they managed to win a home for themselves along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. That was just in the north of Palestine and a part of Lebanon.
In the desert, the Phoenicians led a nomadic life. They had wandered endlessly over the sands on their camels. When they arrived in Phoenicia, they became town-dwellers. Now, they took to ships and began to wander endlessly over the sea.
Commerce became the Phoenicians’ life. So they did not limit their trade to the “Great Green”, I mean, the Mediterranean Sea. Soon they sailed through the Straights of Gibraltar onto the Atlantic Ocean all the way to today’s England bartering their goods.
When Phoenicians traveled over these vast areas, they didn’t simply do business. They founded trading posts and cities like Carthage in Tunisia and Icosium (Algiers) and Hippo (Annaba), in present-day Algeria. They also spread ideas and inventions. One invention which was of particular importance for human civilization was alphabetic writing. The Phoenicians needed a practical system of writing to carry on their international trade, and an alphabet was the solution. The alphabet was eventually adopted - and adapted - by the Romans and later by the Greeks.
New Prospects p.198
Comprehension:
1- What was the main activity of the Phoenicians? Trade/ commerce
2- What is the “Great Green”? The Mediterranean Sea
3- Did the Phoenicians invent something important? If yes, what is it? Yes, it’s handwriting.
4- How did they use to travel? On camels and by ships
Say in which paragraph the following ideas are mentioned:
The route the Phoenicians used to sell their goods.→ § N° 3
The Phoenicians are knowledgeable and business-minded people→ § N° 4
What or who do the underlined words refer to in the text?
Their: §3Phoenicians - which: §4 invention
Add prefixes to the following words to get their opposites:
a/ appearance → disappearanceb/ known →Unknown
Find in the text words or phrases that have the same meaning as the ones given.
a- established §3 = setteledb- succeeded §1 = managed
Complete the following table:
Verbs
Nouns
Verbs
Nouns
To invent
invention
To settle
settlement
To discover
discovery
To declare
declaration
To explore
exploration
To agree
agreement
To build
building
To spread
spread
Ask questions about the underlined words.
a- The Phoenicians used to barter goods. → What did they use to do?
b- They settled down along the shore. → Where did they setlle down?
Classify the following words according to their final /ed/ pronunciation.