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Posté le 8/11/2017 à 06:33 - poster un commentaire

So for disk, the future is a capacity play. Can shingled recording and heat-assisted recording solve the flash problem disks are facing?Shingling disks to increase capacity means that data tracks are partially overwritten, meaning whole blocks have to be re-written if a few bytes change; so performance is slowed. It gives you maybe 20-30 per cent more capacity at the cost of slowing write performance.Shingling is a sticking-plaster to boost capacity until HAMR (heat-assisted magnetic recording) comes along and also, for Seagate, until helium-filled drives arrive.HAMR is dauntingly difficult to implement and we're not likely to see HAMR drives, at least from Seagate, until the second half of 2018. Even then they may not have more capacity than PMR drives.Seagate is also working on helium-filled drives as a way of increasing capacity, following HGST's lead. It is also making noises about having two read/write heads per platter, but we have no availability dates.Disk drive technology has no hope of catching up with flash in performance terms, and its capacity improvement rate seems to be slowing as PMR runs out of steam and replacement tech is difficult and costly to implement.Flash has had to face up to its own technology development problem. Single-level cells (SLC or 1bit/cell) have the most endurance at any particular cell size, with 2-bits/cell MLC having a shorter life, and 3-bits/cell TLC having an even shorter working life. Each cell size shrink also shrinks endurance – dramatically.

You can compensate for this with better controllers using DSP techniques and better error correction, but when there aren't enough electrons in a cell at a particular voltage level and the bit value is hard to detect and drifts over time, then there is only so much you can do.After 16nm it seems we're unlikely to be able to shrink cell size again, and so flash capacity increases via cell shrinks have hit a wall ... but NAND foundries have become able to have multiple layers of NAND, 2D planar layers, laid down in a 3D structure and so raise capacity without shrinking the cell size or increasing the footprint of the flash chip.We have 32 layers currently, 48 coming, and a possibility of having 128, so four times more capacity than a 32Gbit 3D chip.They have also done this while using larger cell sizes as well, which has an extra benefit.Samsung is producing 3D flash chips using 4x geometry I understand – that is a cell size between 49 and 40nm along one axis. SanDisk and Toshiba are producing 12nm planar NAND, 1X class. The step back to 4X has the side effect of greatly increasing endurance, and that means that TLC flash, 3 bits/cell, can have enterprise-class endurance and be used in flash arrays.

Solidfire is already using 3D TLC flash in its arrays. So too are Dell and Kaminario, with Dell hitting a $1.66/GB all-flash array street price point using 3D TLC flash drives from Samsung; "approximately the same price per gigabyte as high-end 15K HDDs and up to 24 times performance improvement, up to six times the density, lower latency, and lower power consumption."Samsung has demonstrated a 16TB SSD using 3D TLC technology. The highest capacity disk drive is a 10TB HGST helium drive.For some time, all-flash array vendors have said post-dedupe flash cost/GB is the same as disk.We are hearing the 3D 4bits/cell per quad level cell (QLC) technology is coming, and this will lower the cost/GB of flash even further.3D TLC flash lowers the cost/GB of flash and increases chip capacity so that SSDs can exceed disk capacity and match and beat high-performance disk cost. 3D QLC flash will push flash prices even lower.It's becoming apparent that there is a trend for primary data to move from disk to flash, and also to move closer to servers. Diablo Technologies' flash DIMMs are an example of that. So too is Mangstor's NX6320 all-flash array, which uses an NVMe fabric link to have shared flash storage accessed at PCIe bus speeds, effectively forming a second tier of memory inside a server's memory address space.You cannot do this with disk drive storage because of disk latency, or with traditional networked SAN and filer arrays either, because of network latency.

Possible flash takeover of disk market Given what we have heard, then, we can construct a scenario in which 2D planar MLC NAND is replacing 15,000 rpm disk drives today to store primary data. 3D TLC NAND will start to replace 10,000rpm disk drives and 3D QLC flash will begin the replacement of 7,200rpm disk drives.And so, if our scenario is correct, we will see disk-free, all-flash data centers appearing, much as Violin Memory would like.I've been told by HDS that it has some customers with all-flash data centers.But Nimble Storage says its hybrid arrays have replaced an IBM all-flash RamSan – because they had better sequential data access performance.Nevertheless, Nimble expects to introduce an all-flash array next year.Requiascat in pace hard disk drives and spin no more So disk can never match flash in performance, and flash is increasing drive capacity more than disk and faster than disk, and also its cost is heading towards parity with disk. Cogito ergo sum – and disk is dead in the data center. Requiascat in pace hard disk drives and spin no more.

What I have described in broad brush strokes is how and why disk drives could be replaced by flash drives. None of the disk drive manufacturers are saying that this will happen. Indeed Seagate resists the idea strongly, saying SSDs and PCIe flash are a data access accelerant, not a disk drive replacement.According to the disk makers, data may flee the enterprise data center and go into hyper-scale clouds, but it will be stored on high-capacity spinning rust, and not in flash chips. No sir, no way, and, by the way, there isn't enough flash foundry capacity to build the flash chips we'd need.King Canute once tried to hold back the tide – he failed. A boy tried to stop a leak by putting his finger in a hole in a dyke. He failed.And tape manufacturers once said disks were too bulky, expensive, and error-prone. They would never catch on.But they did. And now we have flash, and the world turns on its axis again, and tomorrow ... flash could kick spinning rust out of the data center and disk become the new tape ... or ... flash could meet disk and fail to topple it. What do you think?

Apple’s Maxi Pad is no laptop or Surface Pro killer – even though it holds up comparatively well for general workforce usage.This is the prognosis from some in the analyst community and those who will compete against it. The view from the Mac channel understandably differs somewhat.A relatively late market entrant - not that this has held Apple back before - the iPad Pro packs a 64-bit ARM compatible A9X CPU that is 360 times faster than the original iPad, weighs 1.57lbs, and offers ten hours of battery life, Apple claimed at the launch of the device.The iPad Pro borrows features from the Surface - a keyboard and pen can be bought separately. This is a nod to the criticisms of past pads; they're usable content consumption devices but aren't content creation kings for most IT pros.Apple dragged Microsoft on stage at the recent unveiling to demonstrate its wares on the device; Microsoft desperately needs to expand its relaitvely low OS share in a mobile world; Apple needs to appeal to more businesses.

According to the big brains at Forrester, 59 per cent of laptop users at work spend more than three hours using the device, but only 22 per cent of their time on a fondleslab.In enterprises with 500-plus users, 53 per cent of the tabs in use are employee owned, compared with 21 per cent for laptops - this is the BYOD factor at work. However, the proportion of the pad market sold to businesses is forecast to grow from six per cent of total tab sales in 2010 to a fifth in 2018.The problem facing Apple is the “mobile app gap”, said Frank Gillet, Forrester veep, and the "[iPad Pro] won’t take massive share from laptop, nor will it dent Microsoft’s Surface Pro 3, which offer a full Windows OS”.Some companies, including GE, have ploughed cash into iOS – to set up mobile developer centres to convert business critical application into the OS – but many have not.“Most companies are still contending with decades worth of investment in proprietary software infrastructures. When asked which OS they associate with legacy application compatibility on tablets, 56 per cent of technology decision-makers list Windows, and only 11 per cent list iOS,” said Gillet.

This means there is a divide between tasks workers can fulfil on an iOS device versus Windows, and will push those in charge of Infrastructure and Operations to think of iPad Pro as a “supplemental device”.iPads and iPhones are "not generally" domain-joined, so users can't access core network folders, and this has necessitated the use of intermediaries, Forrester added. Conversely, the Surface Pro is both domain-joined and manageable via standard PC management tools that are already in use.Verticals where the iPad Pro makes sense include medical imaging, architecture, photography, construction documents, field video work and creative arts, where existing applications can make more use of the 12.9-inch screen size, specs and improved sound.The tab consumer market is slowing and Apple, mindful of its standing in the corporate enterprise, has established “strategic” relations with the grey suits at IBM and more recently Cisco.Edging into enterprise market was always inevitable, said Jeremy Davies, CEO at channel analysts Context. “There are still margins [in that sector], potential repeat business and no fickle fashion follies, just hard-nosed CIOs looking to make things work long-term at a decent price. Well, mostly,” he told us.

Tab sales in businesses are “not exploding” but are “up modestly", according to Context.The white elephant in the room or the “one big issue” pertains to iOS and OSX integration, said Davies.“I think Microsoft has a huge potential on its hands with Win10 and Surface Pro 3, as they do span the app gap, and you can have traditional laptops, phones and tablets that are on the same basic OS,” Davies added.Boiled down, technologists at resellers that we spoke to agreed fanbois will hanker after the Pro but the device may not allow enterprise people get a full Windows experience.“The Microsoft Office 365/Outlook version is outstanding but has several gaps that prevent it [iPad Pro] being a Surface replacement. Outlook tasks are not usable, and many use this feature extensively to manage their jobs,” said one.Excel lacks the capabilities to link with external databases for analysis and number crunching and there are some major authentication issues, with users regularly needing to re-enter credentials multiple times.

The new keyboard may be seen as a welcome edition, but Logitech has already provided a product for the classic iPad and so those that are “determined” to use the devices for content creation are probably already doing so.Apple may have expanded its sales channels with IBM and Cisco, but so too has Microsoft, giving HP and Dell authorisation to buy and sell the Surface Pro 3 to their large enteprise customers.Some say this is the first step Microsoft is taking to withdraw from selling Surface itself; the foray into hardware has been a costly exercise, but this is simply industry chatter at this stage.Channel bully boy Apple has repeatedly trodden on the toes of resellers, whether it be setting up Apple stores in the same locations as them, or restricting/ delaying access to hot selling products.


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